|
Article
Un nouveau genre de ?Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) décelé dans les phosphorites du Quercy (Eocène supérieur ou Oligocène) d'après un arrière crâne sans dents.
Published online: 15/06/1999
Keywords:
endocranial cast; Epitympanic sinus; Palaeotheriidae; Paléogène; Quercy Phosphorites; skull anatomy
https://doi.org/10.18563/pv.28.1.75-87
References: 26
Cite this article:
Jean-Albert Remy, 1999. Un nouveau genre de ?Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) décelé dans les phosphorites du Quercy (Eocène supérieur ou Oligocène) d'après un arrière crâne sans dents. PalaeoVertebrata 28 (1): 75-87. doi: 10.18563/pv.28.1.75-87
Export citation
Abstract
A rear skull from the Quercy Phosphorites is described. It documents a new perissodactyl genus, likely assignable to the family Palaeotheriidae and probably paleogene of age. Owing to the lack of any tooth, this family assignment remains however somewhat hypothetical. The specimen is firstly characterised by the presence of a wide epitympanic sinus swelling and hollowing the squamosal shell and the post-glenoid process. This cavity might make up a peculiar pattern of improvement for the hearing apparatus by carrying out a kind of drum near the middle ear, whereas the bony tympanic remains barely bulged and forms but a few developed auditory bulla. This pattern appears an outcome of a trend observed with many palaeotheriids, such as Plagiolophus. Furthermore, the endocranial cast shows a rather high degree of gyrencephaly for a paleogene mammal. The prominent lambdoidal crest points out a powerful nape musculature and a lowered head bearing. Consequently, it is assumed that such an animal was probably living in somewhat open places, at the expense of rather tough vegetables. It might have been accordingly provided with a semi-hypsodont, cement covered, "plagiolophoid" dentition.
Published in Vol. 28, Fasc. 1 (1999)
References
BERGGREN, W.A. & PROTHERO, D.R., 1992 — Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution: an Overview. In: Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. D. R. PROTHERO & W. A. BERGGREN (éd.), Princeton, Princeton University Press: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400862924.1
CIFELLI, R. L., 1982 — The petrosal structure of Hyopsodus with respect to that of some other ungulates, and its phylogenetic implications. J. Paleont., 56 (3): 795-805, 3 fig.
COOMBS, M.C. & COOMBS, W.P., 1982 — Anatomy of the ear region of four eocene Artiodactyls: Gobiohyus, ?Helohyus, Diacodexis and Homacodon. J. Vert. Paleont., 2 (2): 219-236, 4 fig. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1982.10011931
COURT, N., 1992 — The skull of Arsinoitherium (Mammalia, Embrithopoda) and the higher order interrelationships of Ungulates. Palaeovertebrata, 22 (1): 1-43, 4 fig., 7 pl. https://doi.org/10.18563/pv.22.1.1-43
DECHASEAUX, C., 1961 — Encephales d'Artiodactyles fossiles. In: Traité de Paléontologie. J. PIVETEAU (éd.), VI-1: 1085-1104.
DECHASEAUX, C., 1969 — Moulages endocrâniens d'artiodactyles primitifs. Ann. Paléont. (Vert.), 5: 195-248.
EDINGER, T., 1929 — Die fossilen Gehirne. Ergebn. Anat. Entw.-gesch., 28: 1-249.
EDINGER, T., 1948 — Evolution of the horse brain. Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer., 25: 1-177, 24 fig., 4 pl. https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM25-p1
EDINGER, T. & KITTS, D. B., 1954 — The Foramen Ovale. Evolution, (8): 389-404, 4 fig. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1954.tb01505.x
FISCHER, M. S., 1989 — Hyracoids, the sister-group of Perissodactyls. In: The Evolution of Perissodactyls. D. R. PROTHERO & R. M. SCHOCH (éd.), New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press: 37-56, 5 fig.
FRIANT, M., 1943 — Le télencéphale des Tapirides. Anthropolog. Anzeiger, (94): 26-41, 6 fig.
HEISSIG, K., 1989 — The Rhinocerotidae. In: The Evolution of Perissodactyls. D. R. PROTHERO & R. M. SCHOCH (éd.), New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press: 399-417, 4 fig.
JERISON, H. J., 1973 — Evolution of the brain and intelligence. New York, London, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385250-2.50018-3
KLAAUW, C. J. van der, 1931 — On the Auditory Bulla in some Fossil Mammals, with a General Introduction to this Region of the Skull. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 62 (1): 1-352, 18 fig.
LEGENDRE, S., 1989 — Les communautés de mammifères du Paléogène (Éocène supérieur et Oligocène) d'Europe occidentale: structures, milieux et évolution. Münchner Geowiss. Abh., A (16): 1-110.
LEGENDRE, S., CROCHET, J.-Y., GODINOT, M., HARTENBERGER, J.-L., MARANDAT, B., REMY, J.A., SIGÉ, B., SUDRE, J. & VIANEY-LIAUD, M., 1991 — Évolution de la diversité des faunes de mammifères d'Europe occidentale au Paléogène (MP 11 à MP 30). Bull. Soc. géol. France, 162, 5: 867-874. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.162.5.867
LUCAS, S. G. & SOBUS, J. C., 1989 — The Systematics of Indricotheres. In: The Evolution of Perissodactyls. PROTHERO, D. R. & SCHOCH, R. M. (éd.), New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press: 358-378, 9 fig.
NOVACEK, M. J., 1986 — The skull of Leptictid Insectivorans and the higher-level Classification of Eutherian Mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 183 (1): 1-112, 35 fig., 4 tab.
RADINSKY, L. B., 1967 — Relative brain size: a new measure. Science, 155 (3764): 836-838. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.155.3764.836
RADINSKY, L. B., 1976a — The brain of Mesonyx, a middle Eocene mesonychid condylarth. Fieldiana Geol., 33 (18): 323-337. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5164
RADINSKY, L. B., 1976b — Oldest horse brains: more advanced than previously reported. Science, 194 (4265): 626-627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.790567
RADINSKY, L. B., 1977 — Brains of early carnivores. Paleobiology, 3: 333-349, 7 fig. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300005509
REMY, J. A., 1978 — Description d'un moulage endocrânien de Plagiolophus minor (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla). Mém. Trav. Ec. Prat. Htes Et., 3ème Section, 5: 17 p., 2 fig., 1 pl.
REMY, J. A., 1992 — Observations sur l'anatomie crânienne du genre Palaeotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia); mise en évidence d'un nouveau sous-genre, Franzenitherium. Palaeovertebrata, 21 (3-4): 103-224, 40 fig., 15 pl. https://doi.org/10.18563/pv.21.3-4.203-224
RESHETOV, V. Y., 1979 — Early Tertiary Tapiroidea of Mongolia and the USSR (en russe). Trans. joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleont. Exped. B. A. TROFIMOV (éd.), Moscow, 11: 1-144, 38 fig., 31 tab., 5 pl.
TASSY, P., 1981 — Le crâne de Moeritherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia) de l'Éocène de Dar el Talha (Libye) et le problème de la classification phylogénétique du genre dans les Tethytheria McKENNA 1975. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., sér. 4 (C3): 87-147.
|
PDF
|
